Geography Class

Maps Projection

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A map projection is a way to move from form curved surface on a flat plane. Projection map has general provisions, namely:

1. Conform, which forms the area to be drawn according to the original form.

2. Equivalent, which is broad areas or areas that should be drawn is proportional to the actual same.

3. Equidistant, which is described to be the right distance in comparison with the state of the actual distance.

Projection map can be divided into several types, namely:

1. Projections based on field projection

a. Zenithal projection (azimuthal)

The projection field in the form of a flat, offensive ball at the poles, the equator or in any place. This projection can be divided into:

1) Normal azimuth projection, ie the projection field tangent to the pole.

2) Projection of the transverse azimuth, the projection field perpendicular to the equator.

3) Oblique azimuthal projection, the projection area of offending one of the places between the poles and the equator.

b. Cylindrical projection

This projection uses a cylindrical projection and the offending areas of the globe.

The use of cylindrical projection has several advantages, namely:

1) Can describe large areas.

2) Can describe the area around the equator.

3) The polar regions are depicted as a straight line point.

4) More and more extensive regions closer to the poles.

c. Projection cone

Divided into three, namely:

1) normal or standard conical projection, ie projection uses a cone with a tangent to the earth's sphere lies in a parallel (standard parallel).

2) transverse conical projection, ie the projection of the cone axis being perpendicular to the axis of the earth.

3) Projection of the oblique cone (oblique), the projection of the axis of the cone to form a slash to the axis of the earth.

2. Projection modification or composition (Arbitrary Projection)

This projection is more frequently used in daily life are obtained through calculation. Here are some types of projection modification.

a. Bonne Projection (Equal Area)

This projection is a projection which is good to describe the region that is located around the equator.

b. projection Moilweide

In this projection each part has the same size to the area of the edge region of the projection. Getting closer to the poles, the smaller the size change.

c. Sinusoidal projection

These projections illustrate the proper angle and distance to the middle region of the meridian. As for the equatorial region can be described with the appropriate area.

d. Mercator projection

Conformity is a normal cylindrical projection that depicts the earth in the area of the cylinder axis coincides with the earth's sphere, then as if the cylinder is opened into a flat plane. Mercator projection properties, namely:

1) The projection is good and true for regions close to the equator, but the distortion be larger when closer to the poles.

2) Interval is the same distance between the meridian and the equator true vertical division Menrut scale.

3) The interval distance between the parallel is not the same, farther away from the equator, the distance interval continues to expand.

4) The projections are in conformity.

5) The poles can not be described because it is located in an infinite positions.

e. Homolografik projection (Goode)

This projection is a projection error correction in Mollweide projection. Better to describe the spread.

f. Gall projection

The distinctive feature of this projection is owned by a different form at latitudes approaching the poles.

3. Projections based on the original properties are retained

a. Projected Equivalent

b. Conform projection

c. Equidistant projection

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The Components of The Map

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The components of the map include:

1. Title

2. Line the edge

3. Lines astronomical

4. Hints direction
Instructions direction or orientation is useful to indicate the direction. Directions on the map
is usually shaped arrows pointing to the north.

5. Legend (symbol description)
Legend to explain the meaning of the symbols contained in the map. Legend is usually
placed at the bottom.

6. Inset

Used to present the object (region or location). Inset consists of two types, namely:

a. Inset location

Contains location map reduction with the goal to provide a global picture of the area surrounding an area mapped.

b. Inset enlargement

Inset is used to describe or clarify parts of (a region) that is smaller than a location on a map.

7. Source maps

8. Year of manufacture

9. Lettering

10. The scale of the map

Division scale map:

a. Numerical scale (a number), for example, 1: 1,000,000

b. Scale line / graph (a line)

This scale is expressed in the form of rods or straight line. The stem is divided according to the ratio of the distance.

c. verbal scale

This scale is expressed in the form of a sentence. Often referred to as the scale inches per mile. This scale is used to map the country Inggris.

Example:

1 inch = 5 miles, meaning that 1 inch on the map is equal to 5 miles on the ground

11. Symbol map

Is a picture or map pins depicting the real situation.

a. based on the shape

1) The point or dot symbol

Map symbols used to describe the appearance that is both qualitative and quantitative.

2) Symbol line

Line symbol is used to determine the geographic scale associated with distance. For example roads, railway lines, boundaries.

3) Line symbol is also used to describe the appearance of the so-called qualitative Isopleth, the lines on the map that connects places density or distribution of the same value. Various isopleth, among others:

4) Symbol area or areas

Used to represent a particular area or a particular area that includes the appearance of areas, such as deserts, swamps, and forests.

b. based on his form

1) Symbol pictorial

2) Geometric Symbols

3) the symbol letters or numbers

c. By its nature

1) Symbols which are qualitative. This symbol is used to distinguish the distribution of objects depicted. For example, to describe the spread of forest, soil type, and other residents.

2) quantitative symbols. Quantitative symbols include: symbol dots, rods, circles, balls and can also be the color difference.

d. based on the function

1) Symbol land, used for the symbols in the land surface of the earth.

Example: mountain, mountains, volcanoes.

2) Symbol waters, the symbols used to form water.

Example: symbol waters.

3) cultural symbol, used for symbols, shapes culture results.

Example: a cultural symbol.

12. Color map

Color map to tell the state of a particular object.

a. Blue: water

b. Green: lowland

c. Yellow: highlands

d. White: the appearance of ice

e. Brown: high mountains

f. Red: the results of human culture

The color on the map in general has a purpose:

- Distinguishing quality and quantity.

- Distinguishing relief of the land and sea.

- In terms of aesthetics look more beautiful

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The Map

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Map is a picture of the earth's surface on a flat surface and scaled with a certain scale, equipped with the symbols and writings as identification. A map is a picture or representation of the Earth's surface, showing how things are related to each other by distance, direction, and size. Maps are a way of showing many things about a portion of the earth's surface on a flat piece of paper that can be carried and transported easily. A map is not a photograph of the Earth's surface. It can show many things that a picture cannot show, and as a result, a map looks different in many ways from a photograph of the Earth's surface

Maps have been used for centuries. A person who creates map as a profession is called a cartographer

Making maps can be done by:

1. The direct measurements in the field

2. The use of remote sensing image

3. The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Functions and Objectives Map

Mapping functions, among others:

1. Shows the relative location on the earth's surface

2. Storing information

3. Describe the shape of the earth's surface

Types of Maps

1. Based on the contents

2. Based on the goal

3. Based on the type

4. Based on the state of the object

5. Based on the shape of the pattern of population density

6. Based on the scale

Terms of making maps

1. Conform, which forms the area to be drawn according to the original form.

2. Equivalent, ie wide field or area should be drawn as real proportional to the area.

3. Equidistant, which is described to be the right distance in comparison with the state of the actual distance.

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Geography Class

Archives

Maps Projection

The Components of The Map

The Map